Ethical and Legal Issues

There has never been a more important time to discuss ethics. What we choose to research and why is being scrutinised more than ever before. Toxicology has long been a source of scientific and public concern, ranging from animal studies to bad events in clinical trials to health scares related to food poisoning. How can toxicology stay current, relevant, and ethical as these concerns evolve with each new medicine, new technology, or public health scare? Animal testing and high safety-related attrition rates in new drug development are two of the most ethical issues in pharmaceutical toxicology. Pharmacists encounter ethical concerns in terms of pharmacological care, patient relationships, and collaboration with the health-care team as one of the health-care professionals. Apart from pharmacies, pharmaceutical enterprises in many domains of manufacturing, importing, and distribution face ethical challenges. As a result, pharmacy practise is subject to ethical issues and requires a separate code of ethics.