Title : Antibiotics and di-deoxy nucleotides toxicities have impacted society in a big way
Abstract:
Huge antibiotic use caused poison in the gut and contamination of sea and river water. Such contamination caused the generation of a few hundred MDR genes (bla, aac, aph, aad) that inactivate antibiotics. Such bacteria are now located in milk, meat, urine, and feces of animals, fish, birds, and humans. Thus, today ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin were unable to cure simple bacterial infections (10-40% resistance found in Ganga River water bacteria). Third-generation antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Azithromycin, Tigecycline, Amikacin, Enoxacin) resistant species were also isolated (0.5%). Imipenem-resistant blaNDM-1 gene-containing bacteria was isolated from a New Delhi patient. The study indicated acetyl-transferases (similar to the cat gene), adenyl-transferases (similar to the ANT gene), and phospho-transferases (similar to strA/B genes) generated a few dozen of each isomer in large conjugative plasmids which also contained metal resistant genes, diverse transposons (Tn3, Tn5, Tn10, Tn6000) as well as integrases and few dozen Tra genes. In truth, gut bacteria make many metabolites for humans as well as vitamins that humans do not make. Vitamins are biocatalysts in most metabolic (>30,000) enzymes. Thus, repeated use of oral antibiotics is poison. Today, we take the multivitamin capsules after each antibiotic use. It appeared that signaling was generated to save gut bacteria and thus MDR genes were generated. Due to metal leaching and the proliferation of the steel industry, heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Co, Pb) were found in water. So, bacterial plasmids have metal efflux genes as well as metal inactivation genes together with MDR genes. Thus, the production and use of toxic compounds must be regulated. For example, studies of all genomes since 2003 and coronaviruses recently impacted worldwide. The use of dideoxy nucleotide analogs may cause a serious threat to the environment being an inhibitor of human DNA and RNA Polymerases. Seriously, the use of such analogs in humans has also started for the treatment of herpes, corona, hepatitis, and HIV viruses. Surprisingly, such a study was limited to PubMed.
Audience Take Away Notes:
- The lecture will be very informative on the abundance in MDR bacteria in Ganga river water as well as in chicken meat and cow milk.
- Gut bacteria need for vitamin synthesis and antibiotics are human and animal poisons.
- Lecture will cover genetics of mdr genes and status on mdr enzymes to inactivate antibiotics.
- Sanger-Dideoxy Sequencing uses dideoxy nucleotides which are human poison.
- Why Dideoxy nucleoside analogues are now in human use against viral infections?
- Why data are limited in PubMed-Political issues will be discussed?
